This report responds to the need among EU and national-level stakeholders to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the learning progress of disadvantaged children, and how the educational inequality that has increased during the pandemic can be reduced and mitigated over the coming years. The report looks at both the current widening gap in learning progress between disadvantaged children and their peers, as well as the impact this may have on their social and economic opportunities in the future. As a result, the report provides both short- and medium-term recommendations to address these disruptions to the learning progress, as well as long-term recommendations to reduce social and economic inequality in the future.